Down regulation role of DKK3 Protein in clinical diagnosis and differentiation between colonic adenomatous polyps and colorectal carcinoma : immunohistochemical procedure

Abstract

Backgrounds: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a substantial international health alarm, distributed as major 3rd effect of death. CRC is a distinctive carcinoma which can be controlled and decreased by earlier management of more risky colonic adenomas. Objectives: Study goals are recognized the potential role of Dkk3 in clinical diagnosis and differentiation between colorectal carcinoma and colonic adenomatous polyps by immunohistochemistry procedure. Materials and Methods: this research comprised from 44 colonic adenomatous polyps and 38 colorectal carcinoma which subdivided into well differentiated 11 (28.9%) cases, moderate differentiated 19 (50%) cases, 8 (21.1%) cases poorly differentiated . Paraffin specimen blocks was sending for  DKK3 protein IHC . Intensity Expression of DKK3 were divided into negative intensity (0), weak intensity (1+), moderate intensity (2+), and  strong intensity (3+). Results:  38 and 44 patients  for CRC and colonic adenomatous polyps , and  age factor were highly significant (p value = < 0.001) older age group (62.42±13.88) in CRC than  colonic adenomatous polyps . Male sex group shows insignificant association  and  more distribution in both CRC and colonic adenomatous polyps . DKK3 IHC were a significant association between CRC and colonic adenomatous polyps , all colonic adenomatous cases demonstrate  strong intensity of DKK3, while CRC reveal negative intensity 20  (52.6%) and  weak intensity 18 (47.4%). Conclusion: this existing research showed principal male sex and significant older age group in CRC, DKK3 protein staining had significant downreguted in CRC  in comparison to upregulated in  colonic adenomatous  and consequently so carcinogenic role of DKK3 were tumor suppressor protein in CRC. However, advanced future researches are necessary to establish the role diagnostic and therapeutic role of DKK3 in various human carcinoma specially more risk cancer as CRC .